Run C#/.NET applications on Linux.
Install from packages
This works on Ubuntu 14.04 LTS and later. These are the official packages. This is the recommended way to install mono.
curl -s http://download.mono-project.com/repo/xamarin.gpg | sudo apt-key add -
echo "deb http://download.mono-project.com/repo/debian wheezy main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/xamarin.list
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get -y install mono-complete
Install from source
Compile mono from source.
Prerequisites
sudo apt-get -y install build-essential autoconf automake libtool zlib1g-dev pkg-config gettext
Download, compile and install
wget http://download.mono-project.com/sources/mono/mono-3.10.0.tar.bz2
tar xf mono-3.10.0.tar.bz2
cd mono-3.10.0
./configure --prefix=/usr/local
make -j4
sudo make install
Clean up
cd .. && rm -rf mono-3.10.0
Install from GitHub
Prerequisites
sudo apt-get -y install build-essential autoconf automake libtool zlib1g-dev pkg-config gettext git
Download, compile and install
git clone http://github.com/mono/mono
cd mono
./autogen.sh --prefix=/usr/local
make get-monolite-latest
make -j4 EXTERNAL_MCS=${PWD}/mcs/class/lib/monolite/basic.exe
sudo make install
Configuration files need to be generated hence ./autogen.sh instead of ./configure.
To compile mono you need mono. If you don't already have it, make get-monolite-latest downloads a lite version and EXTERNAL_MCS uses it.
Install from Docker
Install docker
curl -sSL https://get.docker.com/ubuntu/ | sudo sh
Download mono image
sudo docker pull mono:latest
Then run it
sudo docker run -it --rm mono:latest mono --version
Install from Continuous Integration packages
If you want the latest mono but don't want to compile it from source.
sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 3FA7E0328081BFF6A14DA29AA6A19B38D3D831EF
echo "deb http://jenkins.mono-project.com/repo/debian sid main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mono-jenkins.list
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y mono-snapshot-latest
The latest snapshot will be installed in /opt/mono-snapshot-XXXX.
Before running mono, set up environment variables like this
. mono-snapshot mono
You can see the list of installed snapshots
mono-snapshot
and switch to it like this
. mono-snapshot mono/20140807112602
Precompiled mono snapshot
If you want the latest mono, don't want to compile it from source and can't use apt-get or sudo.
ENVPATH=/home/mono/env
# save environment variables
cat > $ENVPATH <<'END'
export SNAPDATE=20141220092712
export MONO_HOME=/home/mono/mono-snapshot-$SNAPDATE
export MONO_PATH=$MONO_HOME/lib/mono/4.5
export MONO_CFG_DIR=$MONO_HOME/etc
export PATH=$MONO_HOME/bin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$MONO_HOME/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=$MONO_HOME/lib/pkgconfig:$PKG_CONFIG_PATH
END
# load environment
. $ENVPATH
# temp dir for extracting archives
TEMP=/tmp/mono-snapshot-${SNAPDATE}-temp
# start fresh
rm -rf $TEMP && mkdir -p $TEMP
rm -rf $MONO_HOME && mkdir -p $MONO_HOME
# download .debs and extract them into $TEMP dir
fw_get http://jenkins.mono-project.com/repo/debian/pool/main/m/mono-snapshot-${SNAPDATE}/mono-snapshot-${SNAPDATE}_${SNAPDATE}-1_amd64.deb
fw_get http://jenkins.mono-project.com/repo/debian/pool/main/m/mono-snapshot-${SNAPDATE}/mono-snapshot-${SNAPDATE}-assemblies_${SNAPDATE}-1_all.deb
dpkg-deb -x mono-*amd64.deb $TEMP
dpkg-deb -x mono-*assemblies*.deb $TEMP
# move /opt/mono-$SNAPDATE
mv $TEMP/opt/mono-*/* $MONO_HOME
# cleanup
rm mono-*.deb
rm -rf $TEMP
# replace /opt/mono-$SNAPDATE path
file $MONO_HOME/bin/* | grep "POSIX shell script" | awk -F: '{print $1}' | xargs sed -i "s|/opt/mono-$SNAPDATE|$MONO_HOME|g"
sed -i "s|/opt/mono-$SNAPDATE|$MONO_HOME|g" $MONO_HOME/lib/pkgconfig/*.pc $MONO_HOME/etc/mono/config
Mono will be installed in /home/mono/mono-snapshot-XXXX.
You can load all necessary environment variables with . /home/mono/env.
Setup NuGet
NuGet is a package manager. It downloads packages from a central repository via SSL. For this reason it is necessary to import trusted root sertificates.
For all users:
sudo mozroots --import --sync --machine
echo -e "y\n\y\ny\n" | sudo certmgr -ssl -m https://nuget.org
For current user only:
mozroots --import --sync
echo -e "y\n\y\ny\n" | certmgr -ssl https://nuget.org
Check
$ mono --version
Mono JIT compiler version 3.10.0 (tarball Mon Oct 20 11:45:51 EEST 2014)
Copyright (C) 2002-2014 Novell, Inc, Xamarin Inc and Contributors. www.mono-project.com
TLS: __thread
SIGSEGV: altstack
Notifications: epoll
Architecture: amd64
Disabled: none
Misc: softdebug
LLVM: supported, not enabled.
GC: sgen